N. Gajarlawar, G. Amba Prasad Rao,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (7-2012)
Abstract
The current regulated particle metric in vehicle emissions is the total mass, while during last decade
interest in number size distribution has increased. Various international studies on epidemiology and
toxicology have reported the adverse effect of the particle matter on public health. The UNECE group of
experts on pollution and energy (GRPE) under particle measurement program (PMP) are under the process
of finalization long term certification standard concerning particle emissions. The current study was done in
order to investigate the number concentration from a range of Indian multi utility vehicles. These were
equipped with various sizes of diesel engine over the new European driving cycle (NEDC) cycle using
same oil specification. The vehicles chosen were meeting emission norms ranging from Euro3 (E-3) to
Euro5 (E-5) and using the corresponding fuel specification as specified for the norms. In order to meet the
strict emission norms, penetration of common rail injection system in the Indian market is inevitable. The
use of higher injection pressure, advanced after treatment systems such as diesel particle filters (DPF), is
the motivation for the work to access the number concentration, an important metric of particle matter in
view of future emission norms. It is clearly revealed that different vehicles equipped with different capacity
engines exhibits similar diesel particle emission characteristics. Also, as the particle mass is decreasing
with the stringent emission norms reduces the particle number concentration.
Mr Mahdi Keyhanpour, Ms Fatemeh Sadat Mirabedini, Prof Majid Ghassemi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
This study develops and validates a simplified testing methodology aligned with UNECE Regulation No. 49 to quantify particle number (PN) emissions from diesel vehicles. A modified World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC) was implemented, incorporating steady-state operational segments (urban: 21.3 km/h, rural: 43.6 km/h, motorway: 76.7 km/h), and applied to evaluate 51 Iranian-manufactured diesel vehicles. The tested fleet comprised heavy-duty trucks, buses, and pickup trucks equipped with diverse propulsion systems (e.g., ISF3.8s5154, OM457LA.IV) and after-treatment technologies, including SCR, DOC, and DPF. Results demonstrate that original equipment manufacturer (OEM)-installed DPFs reduced PN emissions by 7000-fold compared to non-DPF-equipped vehicles (2.49 × 10¹⁰ vs. 1.74 × 10¹⁴ particles/km; p < 0.001). Euro VI-compliant vehicles exhibited the lowest emissions (6.01 × 10¹⁰ particles/km), outperforming Euro V and Enhanced Environmentally Friendly Vehicle (EEV) standards. These findings underscore the necessity of adopting OEM-grade filtration systems and enforcing stringent emission regulations, such as Euro VI, to mitigate particulate pollution in urban environments. The methodology provides a replicable framework for emerging markets to align with global emission compliance protocols.
